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JLPT N3 Grammar – Difference between “〜いけない” and “〜ならない”


Table of Contents

1. Difference between “〜いけない” and “〜ならない”
2. 〜いけない

3. 〜ならない
4. 
Let’s Compare
5. Summary
6. Similar Articles
7. Comment

Q: What is the difference between “〜いけない” and “〜ならない”?

A: “〜いけない” and “〜ならない” are similar expressions, but they differ in usage restrictions and nuances.

〜いけない

[Meaning]
An indirect way of expressing “bad,” used to indicate necessity, lack of necessity, obligation, or prohibition

[Grammar]
① ~なければいけない
② ~ないといけない
③ ~てはいけない
④ ~たらいけない
⑤ ~といけない

[Examples]
5時じまでに帰かえらなければといけない。/5時じまでに帰かえらないといけない。(Necessity / Duty)

I have to go home by 5 o’clock.

危あぶないからそこに入はいってはいけませんよ。(Prohibition)

It’s dangerous, so you must not enter there.

この書類しょるいをなくしたらいけないよ。(Prohibition)

You must not lose this document.

雨あめがふるといけないから、傘かさを持もって行いこう。(Desire to avoid a bad situation)

Let’s bring an umbrella, just in case it rains.

〜ならない

[Meaning]
An expression used to indicate obligation or prohibition, especially in situations related to laws, rules, or morality

[Grammar]
① ~なければならない
② ~てはならない

[Examples] 
社会しゃかい人じんとしてマナーを身みにつけなければならない。(Duty)

As a member of society, you must learn proper manners.

ここで写真しゃしんを撮とってはならない。(Prohibition)

You must not take photos here.

子こどもの安全あんぜんを守まもるために、信号しんごうを無視むししてはならない。(Prohibition)

To protect children’s safety, you must not ignore traffic signals.

この申請しんせい書しょは、今月こんげつ中ちゅうに提出ていしゅつしなければならない。(Duty)

This application form must be submitted within this month.

Let’s Compare

[Difference ①]

“〜いけない” is a colloquial expression commonly used in everyday conversation.
On the other hand, “〜ならない” is more literary and often used in formal situations or where a more rigid expression is required.

[Examples] 
(A mother warning her child)
危あぶないから、ここで遊あそんではいけないよ。

It’s dangerous, so you must not play here.

(Warning sign)
工事こうじ中ちゅうにつき、ここに入はいってはならない。

Due to ongoing construction, entry is prohibited.


[Difference ②]

“〜いけない” can be connected to various grammatical forms and is used flexibly,
whereas “〜ならない” has restrictions on how it can be connected.
In particular, “〜ならない” is a literary expression and carries a strong meaning:
if the action is not taken, it would not be permitted from a legal or moral standpoint.
Because of this, there are clear differences in how each is used.

いけないならない
なければ◯◯
ないと◯✕
ては◯◯
たら◯✕
と◯✕

[Examples] 
〇 明日あしたは早はやく起おきないといけない。(Personal necessity)

I have to get up early tomorrow.

✕ 明日あしたは早はやく起おきないとならない。

I have to get up early tomorrow or it would not be allowed.

〇 割わるといけないから、このコップに触さわらないでおこうね。(Personal judgment)

Let’s not touch this cup so that it doesn’t get broken.

✕ 割わるとならないから、このコップに触さわらないでおこうね。

Let’s not touch this cup because it must not break.


In the following cases, both expressions can be used, but there is a difference in nuance.

[Examples] 
① 人ひとにうそをついてはいけません。
② 人ひとにうそをついてはなりません。

You must not lie to others.

① is a softer way of directly warning the listener.
② carries a more formal nuance, stating it as a moral rule.

Summary

[〜いけない]

  • It is colloquial and often used in everyday conversation.
  • It is also used to lightly caution about personal necessities or things judged to be undesirable.
  • When speaking directly to the listener, using “〜いけない” sounds more natural.
  • It can be connected to all of the following patterns: ① ~なければいけない ② ~ないといけない ③ ~てはいけない ④ ~たらいけない ⑤ ~といけない.

[〜ならない]

  • It is mostly used in a literary (formal) style.
  • It is often used when expressing legal or moral obligations.
  • It can be connected to: ① ~なければならない ② ~てはならない.

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  • JLPT N3 Grammar – Difference between “〜いけない” and “〜ならない”
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