JLPT N3 Grammar – Difference between “〜いけない” and “〜ならない”

Table of Contents
1. Difference between “〜いけない” and “〜ならない”
2. 〜いけない
3. 〜ならない
4. Let’s Compare
5. Summary
6. Similar Articles
7. Comment
Q: What is the difference between “〜いけない” and “〜ならない”?
A: “〜いけない” and “〜ならない” are similar expressions, but they differ in usage restrictions and nuances.
〜いけない
[Meaning]
An indirect way of expressing “bad,” used to indicate necessity, lack of necessity, obligation, or prohibition
[Grammar]
① ~なければいけない
② ~ないといけない
③ ~てはいけない
④ ~たらいけない
⑤ ~といけない
[Examples]
5時までに帰らなければといけない。/5時までに帰らないといけない。(Necessity / Duty)
I have to go home by 5 o’clock.
危ないからそこに入ってはいけませんよ。(Prohibition)
It’s dangerous, so you must not enter there.
この書類をなくしたらいけないよ。(Prohibition)
You must not lose this document.
雨がふるといけないから、傘を持って行こう。(Desire to avoid a bad situation)
Let’s bring an umbrella, just in case it rains.
〜ならない
[Meaning]
An expression used to indicate obligation or prohibition, especially in situations related to laws, rules, or morality
[Grammar]
① ~なければならない
② ~てはならない
[Examples]
社会人としてマナーを身につけなければならない。(Duty)
As a member of society, you must learn proper manners.
ここで写真を撮ってはならない。(Prohibition)
You must not take photos here.
子どもの安全を守るために、信号を無視してはならない。(Prohibition)
To protect children’s safety, you must not ignore traffic signals.
この申請書は、今月中に提出しなければならない。(Duty)
This application form must be submitted within this month.
Let’s Compare
[Difference ①]
“〜いけない” is a colloquial expression commonly used in everyday conversation.
On the other hand, “〜ならない” is more literary and often used in formal situations or where a more rigid expression is required.
[Examples]
(A mother warning her child)
危ないから、ここで遊んではいけないよ。
It’s dangerous, so you must not play here.
(Warning sign)
工事中につき、ここに入ってはならない。
Due to ongoing construction, entry is prohibited.
[Difference ②]
“〜いけない” can be connected to various grammatical forms and is used flexibly,
whereas “〜ならない” has restrictions on how it can be connected.
In particular, “〜ならない” is a literary expression and carries a strong meaning:
if the action is not taken, it would not be permitted from a legal or moral standpoint.
Because of this, there are clear differences in how each is used.
いけない | ならない | |
なければ | ◯ | ◯ |
ないと | ◯ | ✕ |
ては | ◯ | ◯ |
たら | ◯ | ✕ |
と | ◯ | ✕ |
[Examples]
〇 明日は早く起きないといけない。(Personal necessity)
I have to get up early tomorrow.
✕ 明日は早く起きないとならない。
I have to get up early tomorrow or it would not be allowed.
〇 割るといけないから、このコップに触らないでおこうね。(Personal judgment)
Let’s not touch this cup so that it doesn’t get broken.
✕ 割るとならないから、このコップに触らないでおこうね。
Let’s not touch this cup because it must not break.
In the following cases, both expressions can be used, but there is a difference in nuance.
[Examples]
① 人にうそをついてはいけません。
② 人にうそをついてはなりません。
You must not lie to others.
① is a softer way of directly warning the listener.
② carries a more formal nuance, stating it as a moral rule.
Summary
[〜いけない]
- It is colloquial and often used in everyday conversation.
- It is also used to lightly caution about personal necessities or things judged to be undesirable.
- When speaking directly to the listener, using “〜いけない” sounds more natural.
- It can be connected to all of the following patterns: ① ~なければいけない ② ~ないといけない ③ ~てはいけない ④ ~たらいけない ⑤ ~といけない.
[〜ならない]
- It is mostly used in a literary (formal) style.
- It is often used when expressing legal or moral obligations.
- It can be connected to: ① ~なければならない ② ~てはならない.