New Year’s Eve in Japan
Table of Contents
1. Ōmisoka: Japan’s New Year’s Eve
2. Toshikoshi Soba: A Year-End Tradition
3. Joya no Kane: Ringing Out the Old Year
4. Ōsōji: Year-End Cleaning
5. Television Specials
6. Hatsumōde
7. Summary
8. Similar Articles
9. Comment
Ōmisoka: Japan’s New Year’s Eve
In Japan, the final day of the year is called “Ōmisoka” (大晦日). This special day is cherished as an important milestone for preparing to welcome the new year and reflects a wealth of traditional customs and practices passed down through generations. The term “Ōmisoka” originates from the lunar calendar, where the last day of each month was called “Misoka” (晦日). Among these, the last day of the year was given particular significance and came to be known as “Ōmisoka.”
For Japanese people, Ōmisoka is more than just the end of a year. It is a day to prepare for the new year while reflecting on the past one. The customs and traditions observed on this special day each hold deep meaning. In this article, we explore the key traditions and their historical and cultural significance associated with Ōmisoka.
Toshikoshi Soba: A Year-End Tradition
On Ōmisoka, it is customary to eat “Toshikoshi Soba” (年越しそば), or year-end soba noodles. This tradition symbolizes wishes for good health and longevity, inspired by the long, slender shape of the soba noodles. Additionally, because soba noodles are easy to cut, they are thought to represent cutting away the misfortunes and hardships of the past year. For this reason, Toshikoshi Soba is typically eaten before welcoming the new year.
In different regions, unique variations of Toshikoshi Soba can be enjoyed, such as “Nishin Soba” (soba with herring) or “Ebi Soba” (soba with shrimp). Gathering around the table with family to share soba noodles while reflecting on the past year is a cherished moment of Ōmisoka.
Joya no Kane: Ringing Out the Old Year
On the night of Ōmisoka, temples across Japan ring the “Joya no Kane” (除夜の鐘) a total of 108 times. This Buddhist tradition symbolizes the purification of human desires and attachments, known as bonnō (煩悩), which are believed to disturb the mind. Bonnō include emotions such as greed, anger, and obsession. The number 108 represents the total count of these desires according to Buddhist teachings. Each toll of the bell is meant to dispel one of these impurities, clearing the way for a fresh start in the new year.
The sound of the bell is deeply significant for many people, resonating in the quiet of the night as a cleansing force for the heart and mind. Temples are often visited by crowds eager to hear the bell tolls, reflecting on the past year and looking forward to the next. This scene of people gathered to listen to the solemn sound of the bell is one of the defining images of Japan’s Ōmisoka.
Ōsōji: Year-End Cleaning
On Ōmisoka, it is customary for homes and workplaces in Japan to perform Ōsōji (大掃除), or year-end cleaning. This tradition involves thoroughly cleaning the house to prepare for the New Year, ensuring a fresh and pleasant environment. Beyond physical cleanliness, Ōsōji is believed to have a refreshing effect on the mind, symbolizing the removal of the past year’s impurities.
The custom originates from an ancient practice called susuharai (煤払い), or “soot sweeping.” In traditional Japanese houses equipped with hearths and stoves, soot would accumulate throughout the year. At the year’s end, families would clean away this soot in a ritual act of purification. The term harau (払う) means “to cleanse,” emphasizing the sacred nature of susuharai as a spiritual preparation for the New Year.
In modern times, Ōsōji often focuses on tasks like cleaning air conditioners, washing windows, and disposing of unused items. While the tools and methods may have changed, the underlying spirit of renewal and preparation for the year ahead remains an integral part of this cherished tradition.
Television Specials
In modern Japan, Ōmisoka is not only about traditional customs but also a time for enjoying special television programs and family gatherings. Among the most popular shows is the Kōhaku Uta Gassen (Red and White Song Battle), a music program that has become an essential part of Japanese New Year’s Eve entertainment. These special broadcasts are a beloved tradition for many families as they gather to reflect on the year while enjoying a mix of performances and light-hearted content.
Hatsumōde
From Ōmisoka (New Year’s Eve) through Ganjitsu (New Year’s Day), many people visit shrines and temples for Hatsumōde, the first shrine visit of the new year. Hatsumōde is a significant event where people express gratitude for the past year and pray for health and prosperity in the coming year. While a detailed explanation of Hatsumōde will be provided in the next column, it is worth noting that some families begin preparations for this event on the night of Ōmisoka.
Summary
In Japan, Ōmisoka is more than just the last day of the year. It’s an important day to prepare for the new year, reflect on the past year, and realign the mind and spirit. Traditions such as toshikoshi soba, joya no kane (bell tolling), and oosoji (year-end cleaning) are symbolic customs for welcoming a fresh start.
As you enjoy Ōmisoka’s festivities, take a moment to reflect on yourself and embrace the new year with a refreshed mind and heart.
Ōmisoka is a day steeped in Japanese culture and values, serving as a hopeful starting point for the future. May your Ōmisoka this year be a fulfilling and meaningful day!
