JLPT N2・N3 Grammar – Difference between “〜に従って” and “〜に伴って”

Table of Contents
1. Difference between “〜に従って” and “〜に伴って”
2. Aに従ってB
3. Aに伴ってB
4. Let’s Compare
5. Summary
6. Quiz
7. Similar Articles
8. Comment
Q: Is there a difference in meaning between “〜に従って” and “〜に伴って”?
A: “〜に従って” and “〜に伴って” are very similar words, but there are slight differences.
Aに従ってB (JLPT N3)
[Meaning]
When A changes, B gradually changes as well
[Rules]
[V] Verb dictionary form+に従って
[N] Noun+に従って
[Examples]
年をとるに従って、体が弱くなってきました。
As I age, my body has become weaker.
台風が近づくに従って、風が強くなってきました。
As the typhoon approached, the wind became stronger.
スマホの普及に従って、私たち生活は便利になりました。
As smartphones have become more widespread, our lives have become more convenient.
説明書に従って家具を組み立てました。
I assembled the furniture according to the instructions.
Aに伴ってB (JLPT N2)
[Meaning]
When A changes, B related to it also changes
A and B occur simultaneously
[Rules]
[V] Verb dictionary form +に伴って
[N] Noun (of a する verb)+に伴って
[Examples]
少子化が進むに伴って、学校の数も減ってきています。
As the birthrate declines, the number of schools is also decreasing.
人口の増加に伴って、ビルや家が急激に増えています。
As the population increases, the number of buildings and houses is rapidly increasing.
病気の回復に伴って、食欲が戻ってきました。
As I recovered from my illness, my appetite got back.
インターネットの普及に伴って、オンラインで買い物をする人が増えました。
With the spread of the internet, the number of people shopping online has increased.
Let’s Compare
First, let’s consider the meanings of each word.
従う
① To change in accordance with changes in something else
② To accept and follow external influences (such as orders or teachings)
伴う
① When something changes, the related things change along with it
② To occur or cause to occur together/simultaneously
Since the difference in ① is slight, in the following cases, either can be used without sounding unnatural, but there are distinctions in usage.
[Example]
年をとるに従って、体が弱くなってきました。
年をとるに伴って、体が弱くなってきました。
As I age, my body has become weaker.
Using “〜に従って” emphasizes the changes that occur as one age or the changes influenced by aging. Using “〜に伴って” emphasizes the parallel occurrence of aging and the weakening of the body.
Considering this point, let’s look at the following examples.
[Example]
会社の業績が悪くなるに従って、100人の社員がリストラされることになりました。
会社の業績が悪くなるに伴って、100人の社員がリストラされることになりました。
As the company’s performance worsened, 100 employees were laid off.
In the case of “〜に従って,” the company’s worsening performance gradually leads to the result (layoffs). However, “〜に伴って” indicates that the company’s poor performance and the layoffs occurred simultaneously.
[Aに従ってB]
Now, let’s consider the “② To accept and follow external influences (such as orders or teachings)” aspect of [Aに従ってB].
A often uses words that express rules, such as “法律” (laws), “指示“(instructions), “ルール” (rules).
When used in this sense of “following rules,” it cannot be replaced with “〜に伴って.”
[Examples]
◯ 地域のルールに従ってごみを捨ててください。
× 地域のルールに伴ってごみを捨ててください。
Please dispose of the garbage according to the local rules.
◯ 先生の指示に従って広場へ行きましょう。
× 先生の指示に伴って広場へ行きましょう。
Let’s go to the square according to the teacher’s instructions.
[Aに伴ってB]
Next, let’s consider the “② To occur or cause to occur together/simultaneously” aspect of [Aに伴ってB].
Here, it indicates that A and B occurred simultaneously, and it cannot be replaced with “〜に従って.”
[Examples]
◯ 地震に伴って多くの家が壊れました。
× 地震に従って多くの家が壊れました。
Many houses were destroyed due to the earthquake.
◯ 道路工事、2週間
× 道路
Due to road construction, this road cannot be used for two weeks.
Summary
〜に従したが って
- This expresses that B gradually changes in accordance with A’s changes.
- It also means to accept and follow external influences, such as orders or teachings.
〜に伴ともな って
- This expresses that when A changes, B related to it also changes together.
- It also means that A and B occur or are caused to occur simultaneously.
Quiz
Read the following sentence and choose the expression that fits the context from the options provided in the parentheses.
Click on the question to check the answer.
A. に従
学校
Let’s live according to the school rules.
*”に従
A. に伴
就職
I moved to Tokyo due to getting a job.
*”に伴
A. に従
社長
I prepared for the party according to the president’s instructions.
*”に従
A. に伴
ダムの建設
The residents are protesting due to the construction of the dam.
*”に伴
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